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1.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 35(4)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441759

ABSTRACT

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial hoy en día. Entre las principales complicaciones generadas por esta enfermedad se encuentra la retinopatía diabética, la cual puede conducir a pérdida de la visión de manera permanente, por lo que investigaciones sobre tratamientos para esta patología van en aumento. Es por esto que tratamientos en base a químicos obtenidos de plantas medicinales están siendo ampliamente investigados debido a que podrían proveer una alternativa más segura, de menor costo y menor toxicidad que la medicina estándar para el tratamiento de esta patología ocular de alta incidencia mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los principales fitoquímicos con potencial para ser usados como tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética. Para lograr este cometido se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura publicada entre el enero 2017 y de junio 2021 utilizando las bases de datos WOS, PubMed y Scopus en inglés y español, con el fin de recopilar evidencia científica actualizada sobre el uso y efectos de fitoquímicos en la retinopatía diabética. Diversas familias de fitoquímicos útiles fueron identificadas, entre estas las más comunes fueron las de origen fenólico, aunque menos comunes también se encontraron carotenoides, terpenos y preparaciones constituidas por varias especies de plantas y fitoquímicos. Sus mecanismos de acción también fueron identificados, siendo los más comunes la supresión de la neovascularización mediada por VEGF, la protección y restauración de la barrera hematorretinal, la reducción en la actividad de las especies reactivas del oxígeno y el efecto antiinflamatorio. Dada la evidencia respecto a la utilidad de los fitoquímicos para el tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética, mayores investigaciones deben ser realizadas(AU)


Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents one of the main public health problems worldwide today. Among the main complications generated by this disease is diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to permanent vision loss. For this reason, research on treatments for this pathology is increasing. This is why treatments based on chemicals obtained from medicinal plants are widely investigated as they could provide a safer, less costly and less toxic alternative to standard medicine for the treatment of this eye disease of high incidence worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify the main phytochemicals with potential to be used as treatment for diabetic retinopathy. In order to achieve this purpose, a review of the literature published between January 2017 and June 2021 was conducted using the WOS, PUBMED and Scopus databases in English and Spanish, in order to compile updated scientific evidence on the use and impact of phytochemicals in diabetic retinopathy. Several families of useful phytochemicals were identified. Among these, the most common were those of phenolic origin, although less common were also found carotenoids, terpenes and blends consisting of various plant species and phytochemicals. Their mechanisms of action were also identified, the most common being suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated neovascularization, protection and restoration of the blood-retinal barrier, reduction in reactive oxygen species activity and anti-inflammatory effect. Given the evidence regarding the usefulness of phytochemicals for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, further research should be conducted(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Phytotherapy/adverse effects , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(12): 1561-1568, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094190

ABSTRACT

Background The treatment of choice of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) is an induction with proteasome inhibitors followed autologous stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since 2013, the treatment of these patients in the public system is based on CTD (cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone). Aim To evaluate the response rates achieved with CTD, and the results of HSCT in patients with NDMM in the public setting. Material and Methods Data from patients considered as candidates for HSCT from different centers of the National Adult Antineoplastic Drug Program (PANDA, for its acronym in Spanish), diagnosed between 2013 and 2017, was analyzed. The response to treatment of first and second lines of treatment was evaluated, in addition to the results of HSCT. An optimal Response was defined as the sum of strict complete remission, complete remission and very good partial response (sCR, CR and VGPR). Results One hundred and seventy-seven patients were analyzed, 54% women, and 53% with IgG multiple myeloma. Information about the international staging system was retrieved in 127 patients (71%). Seventeen percent were ISS I, 22% in ISS II and 32% ISS III. CTD was used as first treatment in 106 patients (60%), and cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBorD) in 13 (7%). As first line, CTD had an overall response of 50.9%, and CyBorD of 76.9%. Thirty patients were treated with bortezomib as second line treatment. Forty patients (22%) underwent HSCT. The 5-year Overall Survival (OS) in transplanted patients and non-transplanted patients was 100 and 62% respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions The response rate achieved by CTD in these patients is suboptimal. The response to CyBorD was better.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Multiple Myeloma/therapy , Time Factors , Transplantation, Autologous , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Retrospective Studies , Combined Modality Therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Bortezomib/administration & dosage , Multiple Myeloma/mortality
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(10): 1239-1246, oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058590

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare and underdiagnosed entity. Aim: To characterize patients with AL amyloidosis in Chilean public health centers. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study. Public centers of the Chilean Monoclonal Gammopathies Cooperative Group were asked to search for patients with AL amyloidosis in their databases. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated. Results: Forty-two patients aged 22 to 84 years were found. Twenty four percent had localized AL amyloidosis; 64% had a lambda light chain clone; 47% were associated with multiple myeloma and 9% with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The most commonly involved organ was the kidney (76%). Serum free light chains were measured in 31% and an echocardiogram was performed in 74% of patients. Seventeen percent of patients received only palliative care, 17% were treated with bortezomib, 21% with thalidomide, and 40% with melphalan. No patient was transplanted. The mean overall survival (OS) of the group was 19 months. The 5-year OS was 28%. Conclusions: It is important to obtain these realistic, national data to initiate strategies to improve early diagnosis and proper management of this disease.


La amiloidosis AL es una entidad poco frecuente y subdiagnosticada. Mientras todo el mundo discute sobre las nuevas herramientas diagnósticas y terapéuticas, en Chile y en América Latina en general, estamos lejos de esa realidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar a los pacientes con amiloidosis AL en centros del sistema público de nuestro país. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico, descriptivo. Los centros públicos del grupo cooperativo hematológico chileno buscaron en sus bases de datos pacientes diagnosticados con amiloidosis AL. Se evaluaron las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y de laboratorio. La edad media fue de 65 años. A 24% de los pacientes se les diagnosticó amiloidosis AL localizada; 64% tuvo paraproteína con cadena ligera lambda; 47% se asoció con mieloma múltiple y 9% con linfoma no Hodgkin. El órgano afectado con mayor frecuencia fue el riñón (76%). Las cadenas ligeras libres de suero se realizaron en 31% y ecocardiograma en 74%. El 17% recibió solo cuidados paliativos, 17% recibió tratamiento con bortezomib, 21% con talidomida y 40% con melfalán. Ningún paciente fue trasplantado. La media de sobrevida global (SG) del grupo fue de 19 meses. La SG a 5 años fue de 28%. Es importante reportar estos resultados nacionales para iniciar estrategias que mejoren tanto el diagnóstico temprano como el tratamiento de esta patología. Por lo tanto, mejorar la sospecha diagnóstica es crucial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Public Sector/statistics & numerical data , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/epidemiology , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Blood Protein Electrophoresis , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis/physiopathology
4.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 39: 61-66, may. 2019. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052032

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in health care and consumer products. This compound is present in sludge of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and because of its bactericidal characteristics, it can inhibit the methanogenic activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of TCS on the methanogenic activity. RESULTS: Batch anaerobic reactors were used with TCS concentrations of 7.8, 15.7, 23.5, and 31.4 mg/L. These assays consisted in three successive feedings (I, II, and III), wherein the sludge was exposed to each TCS concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) substrate. For evaluation of the residual sludge activity during feeding III, only VFA was used. The results showed that the increase in TCS concentrations correlated with the reduction in methane (CH4) production. In this case, the minimum values were achieved for TCS concentration of 31.4 mg/L with CH4 levels between 101.9 and 245.3 during feedings I, II, and III. Regarding the effect of TCS on VFA consumption, an inhibitory effect was detected for TCS concentrations of 23.5 and 31.4 mg/L, with concentrations of acetic, butyric, and propionic acids at the end of the assay (37 d) between 153.6 and 206.8, 62.5 and 60.1, and 93.4 and 110 mg/L, respectively. Regarding the removal of TCS during AD, these values were above 47%. Conclusion: TCS is an inhibitor of methanogenic activity with a decrease between 63 and 70% during the different feedings. The CH4 production was not recovered during feeding III, with inhibition percentages of 21­72%.


Subject(s)
Triclosan/toxicity , Anaerobic Digestion , Methane/metabolism , Anti-Infective Agents/toxicity , Sewage , Wastewater Treatment Plants , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Fatty Acids, Volatile , Anaerobiosis
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 49(3): 656-661, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951809

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hamelia patens, is a plant traditionally used to treat a variety of conditions among the Huastec people of Mexico. The objective of this study is to characterize the phenolic content and critically examine the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts H. patens, obtained by maceration, Soxhlet and percolation, using ethanol as 70% solvent. Phenolic compounds are characterized by liquid chromatography, coupled to a High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, and the antimicrobial activity was studied from the inhibitory effect of each extract for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi, and by the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, the percentage of activity and the Index of Bacterial Susceptibility of each extract. The phenolic compound identified in different concentrations in the three extracts was epicatechin. The extracts obtained by the three methods had antimicrobial activity, however, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the extracts obtained by maceration, percolation and Soxhlet. The results of this study contribute to the body of knowledge on the use of extracts in controlling microorganisms with natural antimicrobials.


Subject(s)
Phenols/isolation & purification , Phenols/pharmacokinetics , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Hamelia/chemistry , Chemical Fractionation/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Phenols/chemistry , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Mexico , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(7): 869-875, jul. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961473

ABSTRACT

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common malignancies found in hematology. Aim: To describe the features of patients with MM and perform a survival analysis according to the different treatment protocols used between 2000 and 2016. Material and Methods: Analysis of the database of the Chilean national anti-neoplastic drug program. Information was obtained from 1,103 patients, with a median age of 64.5 years (range 27-95) and a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Results: The mean overall survival (OS) of patients receiving or not receiving Thalidomide was 46 and 30 months, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean OS of patients treated before 2007 (treated with melphalan and prednisone) and between 2007 and 2012 (treated with thalidomide and dexamethasone) was 36 and 48 months respectively. In the group starting in 2013 (treated with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone) the median survival had not been reached at 20 months of follow up (p = 0.01 for all comparisons). Autologous transplantation (AT) was carried out in only 18% of the eligible patients. The median OS of the patients who receive an AT had not been reached at 48 month compared with 36 month among those who did not received the procedure (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Even though overall survival has improved with time, new drugs must be introduced in our protocols to obtain similar results to those obtained worldwide.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/classification , Survival Analysis , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Multiple Myeloma/mortality
7.
Acta méd. costarric ; 59(4): 167-169, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-886392

ABSTRACT

ResumenLos pacientes hemato-oncológicos pediátricos son una población usualmente expuesta a catéteres percutáneos, debido a los tratamientos quimioterapéuticos de larga duración. Entre las complicaciones raras se encuentra la migración de fragmentos del catéter. A pesar de que se reportan diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para remover los fragmentos, en algunas ocasiones el riesgo de remoción supera el beneficio del paciente. En este artículo se reporta el caso de una niña de 6 años, con diagnóstico de leucemia linfocítica aguda, en quien se produjo migración de un fragmento del catéter percutáneo. La paciente cursó asintomática y se manejó conservadoramente. En la actualidad tiene 1 año y 5 meses desde el diagnóstico de la migración del catéter y se encuentra sin clínica alguna.


AbstractThe pediatric hemato-oncological patients are usually exposed to have intravenous percutaneous catheters because of their long-term chemotherapy treatment. One of the unusual complications of the percutaneous catheters is to fragment and one of the fragments to migrate. Although, there are different surgical techniques for the removal of the fragments, sometimes the risk is larger than the benefit for the patient. This article reports the case of a 6 year old pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who suffered the migration of a fragment of a percutaneous device, that was treated conservatively without any complication. At the moment, the patient has 1 year and 5 months from her diagnosis of catheter migration and is completely asymptomatic.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Catheters/adverse effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Costa Rica
8.
Cuestiones infanc ; 19: 97-105, 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-904979

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se presenta un caso clínico con el objetivo de discutir la complejidad del proceso de aprendizaje escolar. ¿Qué pasa cuando un niño no aprende en la escuela? ¿Cómo podemos pensar el vínculo de la familia y la institución escolar cuando no se cumplen con los objetivos? Se muestra al proceso de aprendizaje escolar como una situación compleja donde intervienen diversos factores. Los mismos implican para el profesional que interviene el despliegue de múltiples transferencias: con el niño, la familia, la maestra y los directivos. (AU)


In this report we present a specific clinical case in order to discuss the complexity of the learning process at school. What happens when a child finds it hard to learn at school, or simply, he doesn´t learn? How do we view the link between the family and the school when the objectives are not met? Then, the learning process is shown as a complex situation with many factors intervening all the time. And these factors are the ones that require from the profesional therapist that intervenes the consideration of multiple transfers with the child, with the family, with the teacher and with the authorities of the school. (AU)


Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une étude de cas dont le but est d'analyser la complexité du processus d'apprentissage scolaire. Que se passe-t-il lorsqu'un enfant ne parvient pas à faire les acquisitions attendues à l'école? Comment établir un lien entre la famille et l'établissement scolaire quand les objectifs ne sont pas atteints? Le processus d'apprentissage scolaire est une activité complexe comportant diverses facettes qui impliquent au thérapeute de nombreux échanges avec les différents acteurs: l'enfant, la famille et l'école (tant la direction que l'enseignant). (AU)


Subject(s)
Case Reports , Early Intervention, Educational , Learning Disabilities , Psychology, Child , Psychology, Educational , Schools
9.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 18(6): 445-450, Nov. 2015. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772289

ABSTRACT

Background Anaerobic digestion is a technology applied successfully to converting organic matter into biogas. However, the presence of inhibitory compounds such as antibiotics can adversely affect methane production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic effect of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CLOR) on the methanogenic bacteria. In order to study the methanogenic toxicity of CLOR, different concentrations of CLOR (10, 50, 100, 200 mg L- 1) were evaluated by methanogenic toxicity assays using three feedings. Results Maximum methane production was obtained for the assays with 10 mg CLOR L- 1, the values obtained were 277 ± 4.07; 193 ± 11.31 and 166 ± 7.07 mL for the first, second and third feedings, respectively. The average values for acetic, propionic and butyric acid at start of the experiments were 2104 ± 139; 632 ± 7.6; 544 ± 26 mg L- 1, respectively. The VFA values obtained finally of the experiment were dependent on the evaluated antibiotic concentrations, indicating that the efficiency of methanogenesis is directly affected by the CLOR concentration. Conclusions CLOR is an effective methanogenic bacteria inhibitor. Moreover, the results show that CLOR has a bactericidal effect on methanogenic activity given that methane production did not recover during the third feeding. This study shows that the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for methanogenic bacteria in 10 mg L- 1.


Subject(s)
Chlortetracycline/toxicity , Euryarchaeota/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Anaerobic Digestion , Bioreactors , Fatty Acids, Volatile
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(3): 713-717, Sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556737

ABSTRACT

El término efecto Mozart comienza a utilizarse a partir de los trabajos de Rauscher et al. (1993), quienes observaron mejores resultados en tareas que requerían orientación temporo-espacial en estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto que tiene en el aprendizaje práctico de la anatomía la aplicación de estímulos musicales relacionados con el denominado efecto Mozart. Participaron 254 estudiantes de las carreras de Odontología, Fonoaudiología y Tecnología Médica. Los grupos de estudio fueron sometidos durante toda una Unidad temática a estimulación auditiva utilizando el primer movimiento de la Sonata para dos Pianos en D Mayor (K. 448) de Mozart, los grupos controles desarrollaron su actividad práctica sin estimulación auditiva, al finalizar la unidad se realizó una evaluación práctica de reconocimiento de estructuras en el cadáver. Las medias de los resultados obtenidos fueron superiores en los sujetos sometidos a estimulación auditiva, estos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos en las carreras de Odontología y Fonoaudiología, pero no en Tecnología Médica.


The term Mozart effect begins to be used starting from the works of Rauscher et al. (1993) who observed better results in tasks that required temporo-space orientation in university students. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect that has in the practical learning of the anatomy the application of musical stimuli related with the denominated Mozart effect. This study involved 254 participants of the careers of Dentistry, Fonoaudiology and Medical Technology. The study groups were subjected during an entire thematic Unit to auditory stimulation using the first movement of the Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos K.448, the groups controls developed their practical activity without auditory stimulation, when concluding the unit they was carried out a practical evaluation of recognition of structures in the cadaver. The mean of the obtained results were superior in the subjected fellows to auditory stimulation, these results were statistically significant in the careers of Dentistry and Fonoaudiology, but not in Medical Technology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Anatomy/education , Anatomy/methods , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Learning , Cohort Studies , Students, Health Occupations/psychology
12.
Santiago de Chile; s.n; 2001. 98 p.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-313386

ABSTRACT

El principal objetivo de enfermería es cuidar, y ese cuidar involucra todos los aspectos y necesidades del ser humano. Es por ello que las adicciones a sustancias psicoactivas son un problema de salud mental que afecta en forma importante a nuestra sociedad, asociándose además a otra enfermedades concomitantes. Uno de los lugares en donde se trabaja en la rehabilitación de adicciones a estas sustancias son la comunidades terapéuticas. El próposito de este estudio es conocer el rol del profesional de enfermería en las comunidades terapéuticas desde la perspectiva de los usuarios. El estudio es de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio.Para el logro de este propósito se formaron grupos focales, conformados por los usuarios de dos comunidades terapéuticas de la región metropolitana en donde trabajan profesionales de enfermería. Al análisis de las percepciones de los usuarios de las comunidades terapéuticas se identificaron tres categorías principales, la primera es la percepción de los usuarios sobre las características personales del profesional de enfermería: el grupo percibe al profesional como una persona cercana, humana, que les da confianza, lo ven como una persona intachable que practica los valores morales,los miembros del grupo también describen la importancia del profesional de enfermería, por su capacidad de adaptarse tomando una actitud empática con cada uno de los pacientes. La segunda categoría corresponde a la percepción de las actividades profesionales: los usuarios describen las actividades realizadas por el profesional, las cuales son posibles de agrupar según lo que conocemos como dimensiones del rol (asistencial, educacional, administrativa e investigación). En relación a la dimensión asistencial los usuarios destacan el papel de terapeuta que ejerce el profesional, además describen otras actividades asistenciales que éste realiza, el grupo percibe por lo tanto una atención integral de sus necesidades


Subject(s)
Humans , Nurse's Role , Clinical Competence , Patient Care , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers , Therapeutic Community
13.
Parasitol. día ; 23(1/2): 9-14, ene.-jun. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-253202

ABSTRACT

Los problemas de salud de la adolescencia se caracterizan por una carga psicosocial elevada y un nivel de daño relativamente bajo término de morbilidad y mortalidad, sin embargo, la disminución de la edad promedio de la menarquia y el inicio precoz de actividad sexual coital son factores de riesgo para el embarazo y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) entre los adolescentes. En este trabajo se investigó la infección por Trichomonas vaginalis y los factores epidemiológicos y obstétricos relacionados entre 300 adolescentes embarazadas de la ciudad de Antofagasta, cuyas edades variaron entre 12 y 18 años, de las cuales el 87,7 por ciento se concentró en el rango 15 y 17 años, en tanto que el 76,0 por ciento tuvo su menarquia entre los 12-14 años y el 27,3 por ciento inició su actividad sexual antes de los 15 años. Se determinó una tasa de infección por T. vaginalis de un 5,7 por ciento


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Trichomonas Vaginitis/epidemiology , Age Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Menarche , Parity , Prospective Studies , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolation & purification , Trichomonas vaginalis/pathogenicity
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